hackskii

What organ, tissue's, have the most amount of testosterone receptors?

I ask this because I read a book years ago and the author (Dr.) said the heart has the most testosterone receptors on the body.

I made a comment on another board and a firestorm ensued.

Can anyone direct me in a direction where I might be able to defend or deny my position?

__________________
Power over others is weakness disguised as strength.

Scott

Dezw

If I remember correctly I think the traps area has alot of receptors hence why they usually grow well on cycle.

Not sure if the heart has the highest concentration of receptors though and only studies I can find are on rats and not humans.

hackskii

Well, if you got the studies on rats, that would be better than nothing...lol

It is shoulders and pectorial major for muscles, that is why shoulders grow so fast on cycle.

__________________
Power over others is weakness disguised as strength.

Scott

Joshua

Traps have more than other skeletal muscles (in many mammals anyhow. There is a classic paper looking at traps and neck muscles in sheep where they assess androgen receptor density).
IIRC I do not believe that the heart has more than other organs, but I maybe wrong.

IIRC I have a breakdown of the Androgen Receptor density or mRNA concentrations in various tissues somewhere, but I will have to have a look for them.

I would hazard a guess (total guess) that it would be the prostate, brain or skin, however this is more based on the effects of signalling from long term androgen exposure, which maybe very different from the amount of androgen receptors themselves.

J

heavyweight

Thats good to know

hackskii

This is what I have came up with so far:

This is another HRT doctor called Eugine Shippen, he is a pioneer on testosterone replacement therapy.
Swale has a very high regard for Eugine.

Dr. Shippen - The heart protective hormone in women is estrogen and in men is testosterone. Actually, in the heart some testosterone is converted into estrogen. So it may be that men get their estrogen to protect it from actually producing testosterone first. The heart as a muscle, we all know the athletes seem to benefit from taking these anabolic agents, the steroids they call them. I am not for that by the way, but it builds muscle, it does have an increasing effect on muscle strength and vitality. Likewise, the heart is probably our most athletic muscle, it is beating every minute of the day. The heart has more testosterone receptors than any other muscle in the body, so it makes sense that as testosterone levels decline the energy to the heart, to programming, to be an athletic muscle, to maintain its function starts to decline with declining hormone levels.

Snip:
Since hormones impact every part of our body, our bones, our muscles, our strength, our stamina, our energy, our moods, our sexuality and our heart. It even impacts on blood pressure, diabetes, metabolism, blood sugar, almost every medical condition is associated with some changes in testosterone. Every risk factor for dying is linked to declining level of hormones. So we hear a lot about cholesterol, but cholesterol starts to fall when testosterone starts to fall and replacing may help all of these risk factors, improve your quality of life as well as risk for dying.

Eugene Shippen, M.D. (co-author of The Testosterone Syndrome, 1998) provided extensive evidence documenting the pathology of the testosterone deficiency syndrome in men. Some excerpts follow from a lecture presented by Dr. Shippen at the American Academy for Anti-Aging Medicine Conference in December 1998:
Another myth is that testosterone is bad for the heart. Actually, low testosterone correlates with heart disease more reliably than does high cholesterol (19, 231). Testosterone is the most powerful cardiovascular protector for men. Testosterone strengthens the heart muscle (232); there are more testosterone receptors in the heart than in any other muscle. Testosterone lowers LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol (69, 81, 111) and improves every cardiac risk factor. It has been shown to improve or eliminate arrhythmia and angina (9, 106, 113-115, 233, 266). Testosterone replacement is the most underutilized important treatment for heart disease.
Testosterone shines as a blood thinner, preventing blood clots (32). Testosterone also helps prevent colon cancer (235, 236).



The Critical Importance of Free Testosterone

Testosterone is much more than a sex hormone. There are testosterone receptor sites in cells throughout the body, most notably in the brain and heart. (60, 180) Youthful protein synthesis for maintaining muscle mass and bone formation requires testosterone. (59, 61-74, 87-90, 261-264, 287). Testosterone improves oxygen uptake throughout the body, helps control blood sugar, (68, 75-78, 80) regulate cholesterol, (67, 69, 81) and maintain immune surveillance. (82, 83). The body requires testosterone to maintain youthful cardiac output and neurological function. (58, 65) Testosterone is a critical hormone in the maintenance of healthy bone density, (59, 66, 67, 84-86) muscle mass, (65-67, 87-90, 287 ) and red blood cell production. (67, 69, 92, 93, 98)

Testosterone and the Heart

Normal aging results in the gradual weakening of the heart, even in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. If nothing else kills the elderly, at some point their heart just stops beating.

Testosterone is a muscle-building hormone and there are many testosterone-receptor sites in the heart. (57) The weakening of the heart muscle can sometimes be attributed to testosterone deficiency.(103-108) Testosterone is not only responsible for maintaining heart muscle protein synthesis, but it is a promoter of coronary artery dilation (109-113) and helps to maintain healthy cholesterol levels.(81,114)

There is an ever-increasing number of studies indicating an association between high testosterone and low cardiovascular disease rates in men.(81) In the majority of patients, symptoms and EKG measurements improve when low testosterone levels are corrected. One study showed that blood flow to the heart improved 68.8% in those receiving testosterone therapy. (9) In China, doctors are successfully treating angina with testosterone therapy. (9,115,116)

http://www.medrehab.com/Male_Hormones_Aging.php

http://www.larryspharmacies.com/pdf/hormone-men.pdf

The two most concentrated areas of
Testosterone receptors are the heart and the gonads.

Testosterone Deficiency at HealthMegaMall.com

There are testosterone receptor sites in cells throughout the body, most notably in the brain and heart

Q & A Testosterone

Testosterone (T) is made from cholesterol in the body. It does not cause cholesterol to form. Natural testosterone has actually been shown to lower the "bad cholesterols" and decrease clotting of the blood. In patients who suffered heart attacks, T levels were almost a hundred points lower in than in those who had not. (Conrad Swartz, 1987) Low testosterone levels increase the risk of both prostate cancer and severe heart disease (CAD or CHD). Very high blood levels of testosterone might protect against Coronary heart disease or CHD, especially in men over age 60.

I will quote from the book called "The Testosterone Factor, written by Shafiq Qaadri, MD.
Page 87
Testosterone builds and keeps heart muscle strong. In fact, there are more T receptors in the heart--waiting to be juiced--than in any other muscle of the body.

Down the page it says: The cumulative effect of this is a man with weak testosterone will lose up to 25 % of blood flow to his heart..


Another book called Hormone Replacement Therapies by William Campbell Douglass M.D. says:
Men with ED caused by low testosterone levels have a 20 year mortality if left alone.

Japan has research done on prevention of stroke on testosterone therapy.
Testosterone has a anti-coagulant effect and may be safer than taking aspirin.
Gerald B. Phillips, MD, of Columbia University Medical School studied 55 men undergoing X-ray exams of their arteries and found that those with lower testosterone level had higher degrees of heart disease i.e, blockage of the coronary arteries. He also found that the protective HDL cholesterol levels were higher in men with higher testosterone levels.

It would make sense to me about the heart having the most T receptors, because the heart is a muscle that must stay stong for our entire lives as we depend on it.
Low testosterone levels could very well allow the heart to become weak and not pump as effiently.

Androgen
deprivation therapy is frequently used to treat high-risk localized prostate cancer. Studies have shown that androgen deprivation therapy, when used with external beam radiation therapy, improves survival in patients with advanced and localized prostate cancer. But the use of androgen deprivation therapy can also lead to the development of metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of type II diabetes or coronary artery disease.

Henry Tsai, M.D., of Harvard Medical School in Boston and colleagues investigated whether androgen deprivation therapy increases the risk of death from heart disease in patients treated for localized prostate cancer. They collected data on 3,262 patients treated by surgical removal of the prostate and 1,630 patients treated with certain radiation therapies or cryotherapy (in which the tumor tissue is frozen to kill the cells). Of these patients, about 1,000 were also treated with androgen deprivation therapy.

After a median follow-up of nearly 4 years, 131 patients died of heart disease. Both androgen deprivation therapy and older age were associated with an increased risk of death from heart disease. Among men 65 years and older who had their prostates removed, the 5-year incidence of heart disease-related death was 5.5 percent for those receiving androgen deprivation, and 2 percent among those who did not. For men younger than 65 years, the rates were also increased, 3.6 percent and 1.2 percent respectively. There was also an increased risk of death in men who received androgen deprivation in addition to radiation or cryotherapy, but it was not statistically significant.
“The results of this study and others support the view that use of [androgen deprivation therapy] may contribute to death from cardiovascular causes and underscore the importance of careful cardiovascular evaluation and intervention before initiating [androgen deprivation therapy
] in patients with localized prostate cancer,” the authors write.


In an accompanying editorial, Jerome Seidenfeld, Ph.D, of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association in Chicago and colleagues explain that the design of the study makes it difficult to conclude whether androgen deprivation therapy caused the increase in deaths from heart disease. They point out that it is unlikely that androgen deprivation therapy would have these effects only in men whose prostates were removed but not those treated with radiation and other methods.

“The article by Tsai [and colleagues] has raised an interesting hypothesis, but patients and clinicians need better risk estimates for cardiovascular death associated with [androgen deprivation therapy] use that are based on randomized trials rather than retrospective analysis,” the editorialists write.

Source-Eurekalert
GAN /J

__________________
Power over others is weakness disguised as strength.

Scott

DNC

I've just texted my mate the question and he sent this back mate...

'While the sex organs have testosterone receptors the heart muscle has a very high density of said receptors! Also studies on castrated rats have shown the anabolic qualities of testosterone are needed for the generation of liver tissue also signifying there being a high level of receptors in the liver'

Hope this helps mate as it flies right over my head:-)