winger

This is a real pic from the nasa hubble telescope. It is called "The Eye of God"

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Gods eye.jpg (8.8 KB, 148 views)

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Lauren

Wowsers, amazing.

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Bigdav

Caused by an exploding sun, pretty impressive

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winger

Damn, I learn some things everyday.

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particleastro

I feel a board geek moment coming on.

Indeed, it is caused by a dying star, but not an exploding one. Stars similar in mass to our sun (from about 0.3 to about 8 solar masses) do not provide the correct conditions in their core to fuse elements heavier than Carbon (Carbon is number 12 out of about 110, and counting). Stars heavier than 8 solar masses over come this pressure barrier and can fuse elements all the way up to iron (which I believe is no 40). However, to fuse iron into a heavier element requires, as opposed to releases energy. This means that, suddenly, the centre of the star is not creating any outward pressure to combat the force of all that mass pressing down, and the whole thing collapses into a supernova. The pressures and temperatures that this creates gives us condition that can create all the other natural 98 elements, all the way up to uranium. So remember next time your lifing weight in the gym, or eating protein or whatever, everything you can see was created, at some time in the past, in a star.

Back to the sun. In smaller stars the party stops at carbon. Fusion of heavier elements creates more energy, and as the stars mass is low this energy pushes the star outwards (a good analogy is that the combustion stroke of a car engine pushes the cylinder down). This means that it grows large, and some of the gas in its outer layers (photosphere) is ejected in a ring. The star becomes a red giant. Because now the star is more spread out, the temperatures and pressures in the core are less, and so fusion of the heavier elements slows down. This decreases the pressure forcing the star out, and it collapses slowly. This cycle can happen many times over a period of a billion years or so, and eventually you are left with The eye of God.

Massive stars (Spica, Regulus etc) will go supernova, and have lifetimes of about 20million to 100million years. The smaller of these will end up as neutron stars, the more massive will colapse all the way to black holes. This occurs in seconds.

Sun-like stars live for about 5 billion years+, the Sun will live for another 5 billion years and has already lived 5 billion. The planetary nebula phase and red giant phases last for about 2 billion. After this, the small sun like stars will become white dwarfs, which live for about 20 billion years. Its worth noting that the size of the sun when it becomes a red giant means that its surface will extend to the orbit of the earth and perhaps further, destroying Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, but warming the outer planets, especially the Saturnian moon Europa, which is said to have conditions very smiliar to early earth. With a similar chemical composition and added warmth, it would be interesting to see if life could arise on Europa during the suns Red Giant phase.

Phew.

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NikiE

Which site you steal that off?? hehehe JK!!!
Cool......very interesting reading there love!!

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demon

That was really interesting particleastro. :nerd:
Although I'll have forgotten 90% of it within 5 minutes! :sorry:

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DB

nice read my friend

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often imitated never duplicated
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winger

Yea, very interesting reading all 5 times..........just to absorb it.

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Nameless

great thread - That is an awesome pic

And very interesting post there particleastro your an intelligent guy

EXTREME

I was worried you englishmen were going to yak on about something to do with Maradonna again!

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particleastro

Guys, you gotta remember I did 7 years of this stuff before I turned to teaching...

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NikiE

I think its great matey!!

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winger

I think she's great mate!

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dirtride

nice read.